Philosophical Essays

Self-feeling as a constituent of the existence of the I: reflexive sustenesis, structural belonging, and first-person experience. Geoffrey Chen, revised 2026.10.11.

A structural account of directionality, endogenous directionality, will, freedom, and constraint reorganization, arguing that free will is formed within multiple constraints rather than outside causality. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.9.2.

Why moral direction in Sustenesis is structural rather than temporal, how conditional structural necessity differs from historical inevitability, and where the theory draws its boundaries without positing a highest good. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.31.

Good and evil as relational moral directions: from innate tendencies and the moral zero point to internalisation, complex societies, and the Bridge Axiom of Common Human Sustenesis. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.31.

The philosophical place of God and the soul in Sustenesis Theory, separating its core ontology from prior commitments about either one. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.29.

Structural, existential, and life meaning, and the increasingly reflexive organization of consciousness, self, and soul. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.29.

Death as the irreversible end of a subject’s self-sustaining continuity, and immortality as continuity through unlimited change. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.29.

A distinction among religion, faith, and religious faith, and among structural effectiveness, psychological reality, and the objective reality of what religious claims refer to. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.29.

A Sustenetic account of knowledge beyond subjective possession, with AI and Karl Popper’s objective knowledge as points of comparison. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.26.

Feeling as an experiential structure formed through multiple frames, dynamic stability, and maintainable coherence. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.7.26.

Human beings as high-level sustained structures within the universe, with cosmology and quantum entanglement read through relation, constraint, and maintenance. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.10.

Coherence as a basic condition of life, reason, selfhood, and correction. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.8.

A Sustenetic critique of Wittgenstein's philosophy of language and the temptation to treat language as ontology. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.6.

Consciousness as life-bound reflexive sustenetic integration. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.5.

A Sustenesis view of AI consciousness as a structural-level question. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.4.

A plain expression of Sustenesis Theory. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.4.

A Sustenetic critique of material life determines consciousness. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.3.

Movement, contradiction, and negation still need stable conditions of judgment. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.2.

Understanding religious communities through difference, constraint, and sustainment. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.5.31.

The application collection for Sustenesis Theory, reserved for practical fields, real cases, and concrete structures.

A collection for dialogue-based articles, interviews, exchanges, and discussions around Sustenesis Theory.