Philosophical Essays

The first Sustenesis Theory essay collection, focused mainly on philosophical questions and theoretical clarification.

Philosophy Collection

Releasing Foundational Dependence
The philosophical place of God and the soul in Sustenesis Theory, separating its core ontology from prior commitments about either one. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.29.
The Relationship Among Meaning, Consciousness, and Soul in Sustenesis Theory
Structural, existential, and life meaning, and the increasingly reflexive organization of consciousness, self, and soul. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.29.
Death and Immortality: A Sustenetic Account
Death as the irreversible end of a subject’s self-sustaining continuity, and immortality as continuity through unlimited change. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.29.
Sustenesis Theory, Religion, and Faith
A distinction among religion, faith, and religious faith, and among structural effectiveness, psychological reality, and the objective reality of what religious claims refer to. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.29.
Can Knowledge Exist Without a Knowing Subject?
A Sustenetic account of knowledge beyond subjective possession, with AI and Karl Popper’s objective knowledge as points of comparison. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.8.26.
How Is Feeling Possible? Multiple Frames, Dynamic Stability, and Sustenetic Structure
Feeling as an experiential structure formed through multiple frames, dynamic stability, and maintainable coherence. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.7.26.
Human and Universe in Sustenesis Theory
Human beings as high-level sustained structures within the universe, with cosmology and quantum entanglement read through relation, constraint, and maintenance. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.10.
The Coherence Requirement and the Logical Ground of Sustenesis Theory
Coherence as a basic condition of life, reason, selfhood, and correction. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.8.
Language Is Not Ontology
A Sustenetic critique of Wittgenstein's philosophy of language and the temptation to treat language as ontology. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.6.
A Sustenetic Account of Consciousness and the So-Called Hard Problem
Consciousness as life-bound reflexive sustenetic integration. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.5.
Does AI Have Consciousness? A Sustenesis View of a Misplaced Question
A Sustenesis view of AI consciousness as a structural-level question. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.4.
Existence Is Not the Manifestation of Essence, but the Maintenance of Structure
A plain expression of Sustenesis Theory. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.4.
The Conceptual Loop in Marx's Materialism
A Sustenetic critique of material life determines consciousness. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.3.
A Critique of Hegel's Dialectic through Sustenesis Theory
Movement, contradiction, and negation still need stable conditions of judgment. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.6.2.
The Church as a Sustenetic Structure
Understanding religious communities through difference, constraint, and sustainment. Geoffrey Chen, 2026.5.31.

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